A Day Is A Special Holiday For Those Who ve Lost A Soldier

Memorial Day is a special holiday for those who’ve lost a loved one in military service. For me, the holiday is two-fold. Yes, I remember the passing of my military dad, , but it’s also the day I remember all the best things about my father. It’s when I celebrate Father’s Day. My father was always proud to be a soldier. Sure, he would grumble about Army politics or how the service caused him to have bad knees and feet. Yet. he was good at being a solider. This was ironic because he did not choose to join the Army on his own. He, like many others, was part of the Vietnam draft. My father had no intentions of being a military man. He was going to go to a local college and play football. That dream was cut short when he received his draft letter right before graduation—football dreams would have to wait. After the war ended and he satisfied his minimal service requirements, he did not leave. He re-enlisted and went on to serve 20 years in the Army. He retired before he was 40. 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Diversity At A Young Age - 920 Words

Diversity is a very common word used in today s society. There is a lot of different categories of diversity that a person can fall under. Diversity can be defined by different races, ethnicity, socioeconomics, disabilities, giftedness, gender, sexual orientation, and many more. A human being can fall under one of these categories or even more than one. In the world around us, everybody is different in their own way. Diversity plays a huge part in breaking certain people in different categories. When a human being is born they only have a short amount of time until they start noticing differences in others. Children have a huge impact on diversity at a young age. When a child first starts school, they are around many different students. Some of the students may never have seen another child with a different skin color or a disability. Every child has an opinion and it is up to us future teachers to express the importance of accepting everyone for who they are. 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Troy (the movie) v. the Iliad free essay sample

Troy and the Iliad are very similar in the story line and the all-around theme but there are huge fundamental changes the director made to the story to increase the likeability of the movie. Troy includes some of the significant events from the Iliad but there are extremely important events of the book that he did not include and some events that are important to the movie that never actually happened in the book. The three most important fundamental changes of the movie were the change in where the story had actually began and ended, the nonexistence of the gods throughout the whole movie and the change from Achilles’ decision for Patroclus to fight to Patroclus’ decision to go. In the movie Troy the director makes the decision to start the movie at the start of the war, giving the viewers some background information as to why the war had actually began rather than starting nine years into the war like in the Iliad, â€Å"Rage—Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles, murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaeans countless losses, hurling down to the House of Death so many sturdy souls, great fighters’ sols, but made their bodies carrion, feast for the dogs and birds, and the will of Zeus was moving toward is end. Begin, Muse, when the two first broke and clashes, Agamemnon lord of men and brilliant Achilles. † [1. 1-8] He also ended the book at the end of the Trojan war, far beyond the end of the epic poem â€Å"And so the Trojans buried Hector breaker of the horses. † [24. 944] most likely to show people what had actually happened. Starting and ending the movie in different spots would help give the viewer a more complete event than what the poem had portrayed. Starting the movie with background information on why the war began gives people more information to help them understand the events of the war. Ending the movie after the war, like starting the movie before, gives the viewers a sense of completeness, you find out what happens to most of the main characters and you see how the war ended rather than just cutting off at Hector’s burial like in the poem and having to figure out the ending for yourself. Like starting the movie in the beginning rather than the middle of the story, the movie was also missing another huge trait of an epic poem; it had no involvement of supernatural beings. The movie completely took out all god/goddess involvement changing the events of  the epic dramatically. Not having the god participation throughout the movie was probably a decision they made because of the extreme supernatural events that the gods were involved in would make the movie seem very edited and faked. Aphrodite scooping up Paris during his fight with Menelaus, Apollo pushing Patroclus down the walls, the river fighting with Achilles, â€Å"Achilles the famous spearman, leapi ng down from the bluff plunged in the river’s heart and the river charged against him, churning, surging, all his rapids rising in white fury. † [21.265-267] Without the participation of the gods the whole theme of fate vanished, nothing was left to the gods, in the movie they talked about Apollo and him sending signs to the Trojans but there was never actual physical participation from any of them. Wolfgang Peterson most likely did not want to add the gods into the movie to keep the movie more realistic for the viewer making everything seem more believable to people in today’s generation who do not have as much faith in miracles and gods as they did when this poem was being passed down. Unlike the first two dramatic fundamental changes the third does not have anything to do with the traits of an epic poem changing to fit the movie’s standards, but the story line of the movie. In the poem Achilles grants Patroclus permission to go and fight and raise the morals or the Achaeans and even gives him his armor, â€Å"Even so, Patroclus, fight disaster off the ships, fling yourself at the Trojans full force—before they gut our hulls with leaping fire and tear away the beloved day of our return† [16.  92-95]. In the movie Patroclus does talk to Achilles about fighting but he says no and Patroclus defies him and goes to fight anyway. The movie was probably changed to strike more at people emotions, Achilles anger, and sadness for the loss of his cousin and how he must feel that he did not even get the chance to say good-bye because he did not know he was going compared to in the book he had the chance to say a final good-bye if he chose to. It also helps to explain Achilles rage because of Patroclus’ death, in the movie him not giving him permission to go out and fight would give him more of a reason to be upset that he was killed by Hector because Patroclus defied him and went against his ruling, as to the book he gives Patroclus full permission to go out and fight even though he told him to come back he gave him permission knowing there was a possibility he could die during a battle to raise the moral of the Achaean army. The director of Troy most likely made the changes that he did because an American audience now is more likely to watch something that does tell a complete story so changing where the story begins and ends to fit the full story and the wants of your viewers is important, people also find an interesting story that plays at some emotion and is explained is important. Without emotion and explanation some of the biggest movies would never have become successful. Also making sure the effects of the movie are good is a sure way to increase the views, we have all seen movies that have awful effects and we never feel the need to see them again so to make a movie successful having good effects will help increase the movie’s ratings. The director probably made most if not all of the changes he did to fit the likes of the American audience and what we had seemed to gravitate towards in a movie at the time it was made.

Emerging Economies In Globalising World †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Economies In Globalising World. Answer: Introduction The economic performance of the different developing countries over the past few decades reflects a wide range of disparity among these countries and also in comparison to the developed nations. The economic growth in some of the developing countries over a period of a few years has been remarkable. This gives rise to the concept of emerging market economies and provides a scope to study the transition of these countries over the past decades. The reason why some of the developing countries emerged rapidly while others were left behind can be manifold. The disparity in the economic performance of the various developing countries can be attributed to a number of economic parameters like the national income, the per capita income which also accounts for the population level, performance of the share market, openness to international trade and foreign investment, etc. While many developing countries have registered high economic growth rates over the past decades, the growth rate of dev eloping countries have been relatively low during the same period of time. However, the records of high growth rates for the developing countries have been temporary ranging for around a decade. The economic growth in most of these countries has been unsustainable. The emerging market economies registered the rapid economic growth mostly during the decades of 1990 and 2000 mainly due to the increased global supply of funds. Most of the developing nations opened up to the international market in terms of the output and financial markets during the early 1990s. Most of the developing countries, however, have not shown any sign of high paced growth they have been in the transition phase since the past few decades and will continue to be in that phase for years to come. The emerging market economies that registered the most notable economic performance over the two decades concerned are Brazil, Russia, India and China, popularly referred to as BRIC. Though these countries have not expe rienced any major parametric change in common, their economic performance with respect to a number of factors has been notably high and has surpassed most of their developed counterparts. However, since the income levels in these countries are widely different, they cannot be compared in terms of all the economic parameters (Mankiw, 2012). When a developing country starts from a low level, the growth rate would naturally be prominent over a period of time. Since, developed countries have already attained that level; the growth rate seems comparatively sluggish (Sharma, 2012). Economic Growth And Development The economic growth of a country is determined by a number of factors. The determinants of economic growth are the same for both developed and developing countries, but the structure and transformations of these economic parameters are different for developing and developed nations. Accordingly, the difference in economic growth is generated. The most important factor is that developed and developing nations start off with different endowment levels, that is, different levels of initial allocations (Blanchard and Johnson, 2012). This is what affects their growth parameters over time. Due to different initial levels of output and income, the economic growth rate of developed and developing countries are different with developing countries registering a higher growth rate. This is mainly because when a developing country starts at a low initial level, the rate of growth in the transition phase is much higher than the rate of growth of a developed country that has already attained the s ame level of economic output. During the period considered, the major developing economies in the world were going through a wide variety of transformations. Major economic reforms were undertaken in most of these economies (Dornbusch, Fischer and Startz, 2013). The government policies had been modified to suit the immediate growth requirements of such countries and accordingly the policies were implemented. Under the influence of the major economic changes, the economic growth rate of these countries was largely paced up. The decade of 1990 and that of 2000 were known for major global economic changes that took place. These triggered the rapid growth rate of these economies in the coming decades. However, for most of the developing economies, the growth rate was not sustained for a long period of time. The two decades witnessed large scale economic and social changes in the low and middle income countries which transformed a much developed economic structure as compared to the earl ier decades. Increased volume of exports and availability of natural resources are two major factors that have influenced the growth rates of developing economies over this period. Moreover, due to better and improved health and medical facilities, the life expectancy in these countries also improved which largely contributes to economic growth by improving the productivity and efficiency of the labour force in the economy (Mankiw, 2012). When these countries opened up to the global economy in the early 1990s, there was increased investment from foreign investors who perceived potential returns in these countries. Increased investment augmented economic growth to a large extent by improving the production conditions. Again, due to increased job opportunities and eased mobility across countries, the unemployment rate also decreased over the year in most of these countries. Multinational organizations established their counterparts in some developing countries and hence generated larg e scale employment. A few countries like Malaysia and Thailand would have transformed from middle income to high income economies during this course of time. However, due to unstable political, economic and financial conditions, they soon experienced a financial meltdown in the years 1997 98. Since then they have been unable to catch up their earlier growth levels. In terms of per capita income, the developing countries had registered a very low level till before the 1990s. Thereafter, as a consequence of the rapid economic growth and progress, the per capita income had risen considerably relative to that of the developed countries. Hence, there has been an improvement in the general standard of living in these economies as compared to their previous economic situation. This is mainly due to a number of different policies adopted by the governments of these countries to control the population. The population control policies have mainly contributed to the increase in the per capita income of these countries (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 2009). For example, in China, the one-child policy measure imposed by the government has over the years controlled the population to a considerable extent. The rapid decline in population has pushed up the per capita income and hence the standard of living in these countries over the two decades. However, post 2011, the difference between the per capita incomes of the developing and developed nations again widened back to the earlier levels. Thus, the rapid growth did not sustain for most of the developing economies (Blanchard and Johnson, 2013). Globalization In Emerging Economies Globalization is an increasingly important issue that has large scale impact on the world economy. It is defined as the process of amalgamation of different nations across the globe in terms of ideas, culture, products and services, perspectives and political, social and economic structures. Over time, it has created and increased the already created interdependence among the developed and developing countries across the world through the medium of social, political and economic parameters. Infrastructural advancement and advanced means of transportation and communications among different countries has resulted due to globalization. Many underdeveloped countries with potential growth prospects have absorbed the technological improvements from their developed counterparts and they have experienced rapid growth based on this (Krugman, Obstfeld and Melitz, 2012). Globalization, especially for the developing nations has not only facilitated mobility of products and services but also the mobility of people across nations, thereby improving global productivity and also increasing the share of developing countries in the global gross domestic product. It has generated the flow of information across nations which has led to the improvement of production technologies and expanded the efficiency of developing economies (Krugman and Wells, 2012). Over the two decades, most of the developing economies in the world have experienced large scale globalization in terms of the output as well as the financial markets. For example, Taiwan emerged in the global economy in the year 1991 followed by India which opened up to the global economy in the year 1992 after the economic reforms of the country. In South Korea, globalization was pronounced in the year 1993 and in 1995 for Russia. Similarly, all the major emerging market economies characterized as developing economies began their international participation around this period. Foreign investment in these countries over this per iod of time made a remarkable progress and increased from as low as 1 percent to nearly 8 percent of the global stock market. However, the effect of globalization did not retain for a very long period of time for all the developing nations across the world. During the period 1994 to 2002, there came about an economic crisis from Mexico to Turkey and hence the stock market of the developing world shrank 50 percent to 4 percent of the global total. China was the only exception because instead of shrinking it expanded to 4.5 percent of the global total. This is mainly because the growth rate in China during this period of time has been almost the highest and it has sustained for a really long period of time. Hence, ultimately, the issue of emerging markets was basically applicable to China only. Though the other emerging economies have experienced large scale transformations and expansion compared to their previous situation, the progress of China was the most pronounced during the two decades considered. However, in 2003 again, emerging market economies were seen to rise as a group as a consequence of the global boom that occurred. Their share of global GDP rose to 34 percent from 20 percent during this period of time. Their stock market share also rose to a considerable extent. Again, in 2008, large scale losses had been inflicted upon the global economy due to the global financial crisis. Though the developing countries had recovered from the crisis in due time, they have not been able to attain their previous economic conditions. More funds are required to flow into the developing economies for their adequate growth and progress. Moreover, the funds should be channelized optimally so as to augment the economic growth by improving the general efficiency level of the developing countries. Globalization has had manifold effects on individual economies and the world economy on the whole. It has affected economic growth via channels of trade in goods and services, foreign investment, labour migration, information flows and technological integration. It has been effective mainly because most of the developing nations have abundant natural resources and cheap labour and other factors of production. This has led to increased economic activity in the developing countries generated in the developed countries over the years. Over time, globalization has also generated economies of scale for different nations and hence enhanced the growth prospective. Developing countries have mostly benefited from globalization mainly due to increased efficiency and productivity along with information flows which helps improve the production technology. When globalization took place, multinational organizations have expanded their business in various developing countries thus generating labour demand in those countries. The domestic producers have also been able to expand their capacity with foreign investment and hence they also acquired increased labour. Under t he availability of surplus labour in most of these countries, the unemployment rates have reduced. Thus, globalization has played a major role in changing the economic conditions of the developing countries over the years (Caves, Frankel and Jones, 2007). Bric The emergence of the developing nations in the global economy has been remarkable in the decades of 1990 and 2000. The main drivers of this progress were the developing countries Brazil, Russia, India and China popularly referred to as BRIC. These countries were said to be developing at a very fast pace during the past two decades, so much so that they almost caught up and in some cases even surpassed their developed counterparts. Though these economies do not share any common macroeconomic situation, yet individually, the performance of these countries was notable during the decades of rapid economic growth. Brazil The decade of 1990 is referred to as the reform decade for the economy of Brazil. This is mainly because during this period, the economy underwent a number of changes in terms of economic and administrative policies that shaped the economy differently in the years to follow. There was large scale foreign capital inflow into Brazil at the beginning of the decade which was accompanied by major technological changes that transformed the production parameters of the economy. However, the macroeconomic situation in the country was unstable during this period of time which hindered the absolute participation of the country in the international movements. The path of economic growth seemed to have been marked for Brazil according to the success indicators for the other emerging economies. In an attempt to control inflation, the domestic economic situation was further worsened. However, in the latter half of the decade, stabilization was focused on and duly achieved in terms of prices. There was notably increased trade openness in the country in terms of merchandise and capital which allowed for the integration with the other developed nations in the world. The access to international capital was facilitated by the various reforms undertaken. The decade of 1990 was marked as a turning point in the economic history of Brazil. The price stabilization process facilitated positive economic transformations to a great extent and it was sustained for over 6 years. The channels via which price stabilization augmented the economic performance of the country are the creation of wealth effect for both consumers and producers, establishment of a stable political situation and generating confidence in foreign investors. Thus during the decades of 1990 and 2000, the Brazilian economy, having undergone rapid economic reforms, registered high growth rates. Once a stable economic situation was achieved, the economic growth slowed down in the years to follow. Russia During the 1990s, the transformation of the Russian economy from a central planning system to a market-based economy was brought about through the emphasis on economic restructuring and macroeconomic stabilization. For economic restructuring, the establishment of legal, commercial and institutional organizations like banks, commercial and legal codes, private property, etc. was necessary such that the economy could perform efficiently. On the other hand, for macroeconomic stabilization, implementation of appropriate fiscal and monetary policies along with the stabilization of prices and exchange rates were emphasized. The economy was opened to the international forum and this facilitated the economic growth of the country in the following years. As a measure of macroeconomic stabilization, the government budget deficit was aimed to be reduced such that as a long-term effect the inflation rate could be controlled. During the years of 1992 and 1993, money supply and credit was widely e xpanded by the government which led to inflation and depreciation of the exchange rate. This monetary policy was soon curbed which stabilized prices again. The increase in money supply was a result of the large scale credit inflow from foreign investors. Thus the Russian economy during the period post 1990 had experienced rapid economic growth. However, post the two decades, the output market and the stock market of Russia have been known to be one of the weakest in the world. Thus the economic condition of Russia could not be sustained for long. India The decade of 1990 witnessed large scale economic transformation of the Indian economy. Economic reforms covering a wide variety of macroeconomic issues were undertaken in India in the year 1991. The economic reforms of India were mainly characterized by liberalization, privatization and globalization. Besides undertaking numerous macroeconomic transformation policies, the country completely opened up to the international economy in terms of the output market as well as the financial market. In the following years, the country developed rapidly in terms of foreign trade and foreign direct investment. Trade barriers had been removed as a reform policy by the government which facilitated the increased volumes of trade across the world with the Indian economy at the forefront. Thus there was rapid economic growth in the country. Foreign direct investment has been increasingly flowing into the country ever since. This is because the country is a potential and business hub for investment and business. Thus the output and income in the economy was augmented which led to rapid economic growth. The reforms had mainly been undertaken to correct the unstable macroeconomic situation that the country has been subject to in the preceding years. In the attempt, the country achieved major economic goals and registered high economic growth over the period. China Of all the major emerging market economies, the economic performance of China over the decades of 1990 and 2000 was the most remarkable. In fact, the term emerging market economies was essentially applicable to only China after a point of time. Throughout the two decades, China recorded high economic growth rates and the country has been progressing rapidly. It has been through large scale economic transitions through the implementation of different policies over the years. The progress of the Chinese economy was far better compared to the other developing economies at that point. Having started from a low initial level of resources, the economy of China was the fastest growing economy over a considerable period of time surpassing the major economies in the world. At one point of time, China was almost said to be overtaking the United States as the largest economy in the world. The growth rate of china has slowed down post 2009 and the record has been low ever since. Even during the financial meltdown when most of the economies were shrinking in terms of the stock market, China experienced an expansion. However, the growth of the Chinese economy has been sluggish in the recent years. Though China has adopted various population control policies, the population of the country is too large to accommodate the benefits of economic growth. Moreover, the Chinese population is aging and hence the productivity and efficiency of the economy is being hampered. The surplus labour in the economy has already been used up and hence there is little scope for further economic growth. Conclusion The developing countries of the world have over the past few decades experienced rapid economic growth due to a number of reasons. Of the developing countries some have shown remarkable performance in terms of economic growth and development whereas the growth in other economies has been negligible. The main drivers of the growing market economies have been Brazil, Russia, India and China, the economic performances of which have been most noteworthy. Though these countries do not have any macroeconomic situation in common, the economic growth registered was same paced. Each country has grown and developed in a different way given the completely different initial economic situations. Even though the rapid growth process in these economies could not be sustained, the economies are still growing. No comparison should be drawn between the developing and developed economies since they are measured on completely different scales and marking one with respect to the other might underestimate the economic performance of the developing nations (Sharma, 2012). References Blanchard, O. and Johnson, D. (2012). Macroeconomics. 6th ed. New York: Pearson Education. Dornsbusch, R. Fischer, S. and Startz, R. (2013). Macroeconomics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education. Mankiw, N. (2012). Macroeconomics. 8th ed. New York: Worth Publishers. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2012). Macroeconomics. 3rd ed. New York: Worth Publishers. Samuelson, P. and Nordhaus, W. (2009). Macroeconomics. 19th edn. New York: McGraw Hill Education. Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M. and Melitz, M. (2012). International Economics: Theory and Policy. 9th edn. New York: Pearson Education. Caves, R., Frankel, J. and Jones, R. (2007). World Trade and Payments: An Introduction. 10th edn. New York: Pearson Education. Sharma, R. (2012). Broken BRICs: Why the Rest Stopped Rising. JSTOR, Vol 91 (6), pp. 2 7.

Using the theory of fiscal federalism Essay Example

Using the theory of fiscal federalism Essay There is much economic literature and debate concerning the classic trade-off between a centralized versus decentralized system of local public good provision. The standard problem goes as follows. Most economies around the world are made up of geographically discrete areas. An obvious example is America, which is composed of distinct states, which are often even completely geographically isolated from the whole (Alaska, Hawaii). Each local area has a local public good, the provision of which benefits the local society. However, public goods often have a spillover effect to other districts, in which case, there are benefits accruing to wider society. The subsequent question is that given the existence of benefits to both local and general society, is it more efficient to have a centralized or decentralized system of decision-making and/or financing? The standard approach to the problem of public good provision assumes that in a centralized system, the government will adopt a standardized level of spending for each area. This is in essence a one size fits all result that doesnt show an appreciation of different local requirements. However, while a decentralized system will be able to respond to heterogeneous local needs, local governments will neglect the wider benefits, which accrue citizens and areas beyond their jurisdiction. Drawing on these assumptions, Oates Decentralization Theorem states that in the absence of spillovers a decentralized system is more efficient. Otherwise, Oates claims there will be a trade-off between the extent of heterogeneity in tastes and the degree of spillovers. 1 However, the argument for a decentralized system relies on the assumption that only a decentralized system will cater for local preferences. In fact, while decentralization may be more effective at tailoring public goods to local requirements, a centralized system in no way implies uniformity of provision across districts. We will write a custom essay sample on Using the theory of fiscal federalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Using the theory of fiscal federalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Using the theory of fiscal federalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This logic is neither theoretically, or indeed empirically satisfactory. From a theoretical standpoint it is unclear, Besley and Coates question why it must be the case that a government charged with providing public goods in a centralized system cannot differentiate the levels according to the heterogeneous tastes in each district. 3 An empirical example of centralized differentiation of public good provision is that of federal highway spending in the United States. In the Federal Highway Aid Program a significant proportion of resources have been dedicated to specific projects in the legislators districts. Furthermore, Besley and Coates argue that the general spending formula has been manipulated to target spending to particular favored states. 4 Therefore, I believe that Oates Decentralization Theorem is flawed. A decentralized system may well be preferred as a more efficient arrangement to tailor goods to local needs, but this is not a clear-cut argument, and hence it is difficult and controversial to argue for decentralization solely on this basis. In fact, given that the standard approach is based on a trade-off between non-uniformity (decentralized output) versus spillovers (centralized output), once the constraint that central governments always choose uniform levels of public spending across districts is relaxed, the standard approach suggests that a centralized system will always be preferred. However there is a different case for a decentralized system of provision of local goods, which is based on the theory of fiscal federalism. The argument in this case goes as follows. In a centralized system, local public spending costs are shared creating a conflict of interest between citizens in different areas. When spending decisions are taken by a legislature of locally elected representatives, the conflict of interest for resources will take place in the legislature. Thus, Besley and Coates argue, the drawbacks of centralization stem from the basic conflict of interest among citizens of different districts working through the decision-making process. 5 Spending decisions in the legislator will be determined by a minimum winning coalition of representative, which can creates two major resource allocation problems. Firstly, there will be a misallocation of resources as spending will be skewed towards those areas who have representatives in the winning coalition. Secondly, uncertainty about the makeup of the winning coalition will mean districts are unsure of the amount of public good it will receive. Even if the legislature is committed to maximising the surplus of all its members, this would not necessarily be sufficient to achieve surplus maximizing results, as there would be an incentive for voters to elect representatives which high demand for public spending, and hence lead to overprovision. Hence, Besley and Coates say that: if decisions on local public goods are made by a minimum winning coalition of representatives, the allocation of public goods may be characterized by uncertainty and misallocation across districts. If decisions are made in a more cooperative way, then strategic delegation via elections may produce excessive public spending. 6 The drawbacks of a centralized system stemming from conflicting interests over shared costs might suggest a completely decentralized system whereby decisions are made solely by local government and financed from local taxation. However, as with the standard approach, the drawbacks of the centralized system must be weighed against the benefits of improved coordination of spillovers. If interests are fairly homogenous and spillovers high then a centralized system will produce good results regardless of how the legislature is constituted. This leads Besley and Coates to conclude that, the desiderata determining whether decentralization of centralization is best are the same as under the standard approach. However, the logic is different. 7 So how does this argument relate to the empirical example of the European Union? Unions such as the EU are collectives of nations that jointly decide on the provision of certain supranational goods (such as traditional public goods like defence or legal and regulatory frameworks), which will affect and benefit all members. In a multi country union, some competences are taken away from national control and decided instead at union level. The process of European integration has become far-reaching and quickened in pace. However, Gordon Brown says that the EU must abandon old flawed assumptions that a single market should lead inexorably to fiscal federalism. 8 What is the case for keeping decentralized provision of local public goods or for greater integration in the form of a centralized system of public good provision? The case of centralized system of provision of local public goods rests fundamentally on the trade-off between the internalisation of externalities and the costs of heterogeneity. On the one hand, even when looking at the difficulties that accompany reaching compromises and solutions at EU summits, there is little debate that median preferences in EU member states vary considerably. The efficient level of output of a public good will typically vary from one local jurisdiction to another. Furthermore, there is a worry that coordination of fiscal measures will result in an increase in tax rates in all jurisdictions. However, if the union centralizes to little, it runs the risk of not benefit from externalities, which were a key motivation in the creation of a union and the purpose of attending summits. Two main areas of externality proposed in the fiscal federalism literature are firstly equalisation of welfare across countries, especially targeted at poor relief. And secondly at macroeconomic stabilization. In the case of poor relief, sub-central government will be considerably constrained by the potential mobility of the poor and crucially the tax base. Oates says that this is a basic fiscal externality that results in sub optional levels of support under a purely decentralized system of poor relief. 10 In terms of macroeconomic stabilization, the central government is in a position to influence overall levels of aggregate demand and through tax revenue and transfer payments can respond to changes in the macro-economy. However, the present picture is one where, according to Oates, the central government is not well equipped to take a leading role in addressing Musgravess redistribution and stabilization functions. 11 One response would be to enlarge central government powers, but Oates says that the costs of overall public expansion in the public sector would outweigh the benefits. Instead there is a strong case for decentralization to promote inter-jurisdictional competition to limit growth of public sector on encroaching on the private sector. At the moment, it seems to me that there is too much heterogeneity amongst the European nations, which outweighs externality gains. The integration of Europe has been relatively fast and I believe it will take a longer period for homogeneity of interests across the Union to come about, especially given the integration of the young market economies of Eastern Europe who are lagging behind in economic development. Furthermore, concerning Besley and Coates legislature worries, the EU seems to be dominated by the more powerful countries. For example, amongst the net beneficiaries of CAP (common agricultural policy) are some of the richest countries in the EU. A centralized system of provision of public goods in the EU might suffer from similar problems of a skewing of resources to favour the dominant coalition in the legislature. It seems to me, that the European Union is not yet ready for fiscal federalism.

Slaves Essays - Marxist Theory, Socialism, Slavery, Marxism

Slaves Essays - Marxist Theory, Socialism, Slavery, Marxism Slaves In what way do proletarians differ from slaves? The slave is sold once and for all; the proletarian must sell himself daily and hourly. The individual slave, property of one master, is assured an existence, however miserable it may be, because of the master's interest. The individual proletarian, property as it were of the entire bourgeois class which buys his labor only when someone has need of it, has no secure existence. This existence is assured only to the class as a whole. The slave is outside competition; the proletarian is in it and experiences all its vagaries. The slave counts as a thing, not as a member of society. Thus, the slave can have a better existence than the proletarian, while the proletarian belongs to a higher stage of social development and, himself, stands on a higher social level than the slave. The slave frees himself when, of all the relations of private property, he abolishes only the relation of slavery and thereby becomes a proletarian; the proletarian can free himself only by abolishing private property in general.

Bitcoins vs Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bitcoins vs Money - Essay Example Bitcoin system is entirely dependent on internet platforms, which are readily available across the globe because of the technological advancement (Rotman 1). Using Bitcoin, the average income earners can easily transact beyond border transactions without incurring extra costs in physically moving to those places. This essay examines the use of Bitcoin and money as applied in the current system. Kudlow Larry downplays the rise in use of digital currency. He cites the rapid fluctuations in prices by hundreds of dollars in the space as a key challenge that emanates from digital currency use. He outlines an example of an individual who buys an item for $500 but after the retailer processes payment, the digital currency falls to $100 in value. He resolves that both sellers and buyers make associated losses because bitcoin is not a reliable medium of exchange with dependable store of value (Kudlow 1). On the contrary, money has a store of value. Its value does not fluctuate as rapidly and frequently as in the case of digital currency. Because Bitcoin has no store of value, economists prefer the money system to digital currency. Digital money use has no border restrictions. Making cross-border transactions is easier and simpler than in the case of money. Money system is more reliable and regular fluctuations in prices do not affect it. Digital currency use will therefore not pose a significant effect on money use. The reason for this is that money system posses superior features like security and reliability that the digital currency system lacks. There are viewpoint that the rising use of digital currency like bitcoin transactions will not pose a significant impact countries’ economic progress. According to Gaulio, bitcoin transactions are easily traceable to their initiators hence American government, for instance, will fully advocate its use. In a state controlled digital economy, the taxation units will

Although consideration is often referred to as the 'badge of Essay

Although consideration is often referred to as the 'badge of enforceability' for a contract in English law, in assessing the - Essay Example However, under the doctrine of promissory estoppels, any party can recover what it has rightfully earned, or the value of detriment suffered by reliance on the agreement, even if a court decides there is no legal contract (MacMillan & Stone, 2013 p.27). Thus, consideration forms one of the fundamental elements of a legally binding agreement, and is often referred to as the ‘badge of enforceability’ for a contract in English law. However, in assessing the validity of a variation in the terms of an existing contract, consideration is but one line of argument. This is because: Consideration is regarded by the English courts as the principle way of determining the existence of a contract (MacMillan & Stone, 2013 p.34). The significance of consideration as a vital aspect of a contract in English law is that; it is through the existence of consideration, that the other essential elements of a legally binding agreement are fulfilled. ... However, while this aspect is a principal requirement in the English contract law, there are further assessments that might be made; in spite of the mere fact that consideration really existed in the contractual agreement, which then nullifies the agreement as unenforceable. Therefore, while consideration forms a fundamental building block as far as the English contract law is concerned, it has emerged that it is not indispensable, and thus there are circumstances under which the courts can regard a contractual agreement that did not entail consideration to be legally binding, while also nullifying a contractual agreement that involved consideration as unenforceable in law (Gillies, 1988 p.72). This simply means that, despite the fact that consideration is a cardinal requirement in the English contract law, it must be interpreted in the context of other principles of a binding contract, and thus consideration is but one line of argument. First, despite the fact that consideration cou ld really exist in a contractual agreement, there is limitation offered to the concept of consideration, which states that past consideration is not consideration (Busch, 2005 p.33). This legal requirement then makes consideration but one line of argument; because it clearly shows that the mere existence of consideration is not sufficient to make an agreement legally binding, since if consideration is past, the contractual agreement will be regarded unenforceable, despite the existence of the consideration (Schulze, 2007 p.49). This principle has been established and demonstrated in various case laws, which has served to show that consideration is a

ART HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ART HISTORY - Essay Example It stands in a low sculpture that looks like an uneven terrain that is in a rectangular base (Hemingway 22). Eusebio Francisco Kino was dedicated in the year 1988 in honor of the Father Eusebio of Italy. He had traveled in 1645 to Americas as a missionary where prior to his death he traveled to Pimera and established 17 missions. This statue has three copies in the world. The Padre Kinos presence in the statute in Campbell carries dignity and craftsmanship that captures every wrinkle and muscle. Its 25 foot cast concrete bronze statute done by Julian Martinez in the year 1988. It is located in the drab corner surrounded by traffic and fulfills the promise of ADOTS in bringing public art to the town (Hemingway 11). Tucson town is full of contradictions. The Pancho Villa has been very controversial for nearly 3o years. The statute has already undergone three lawsuits which it has survived which were aimed at erecting it.The city has defended the statute where it has paid almost $2,000 for a sculptor to do some touch ups in the year 2006. This shows that the sculpture of the Pancho Villa does not get support from the local administration where it has outlived its usefulness. The cost of maintaining the sculpture is also high and needs to be replaced. The Villa has lost its purpose to serve as a political tool for the Villa future legacy in Mexico. It has provided many intense arguments due to issues of cultural diversity and politics. It is seen as the Robin Hood for the poor. The Kino and Villa statutes are no longer effective in their purpose of history resemblance and create a variety of cultural differences and, therefore, there is a need to replace them with new statutes in Tucson town. There are people in the world studying the history of Mexico and would like to see the cultural art used to describe the famous missionaries like Padre Kino. Therefore, the city experiences tourists from across the globe that come to

Importance Of Ecology And Design

Importance Of Ecology And Design Ecology is focus on the interaction of living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical environment. In particular, the relationship between human and the natural environment. Increasing the human population rapidly, limited resources supply from the earth, ecology becomes an essential topic for the human long-term survival. Ecology and design is also called Ecological design, Sustainable development, Green design, Eco-designà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all is seek ways for reducing the impact to the environment and improving environmental health. any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes. from Ecological Design by Sim Van Der Ryn and Stuart Cowan. We have to change the lifestyle and need to follow these ecological principles in order to create a sustainable future. Global warming, losing biodiversity, clear-felling of forests, climate change, and desertificationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all showing that Ecological design is the conflict of the design in the future. Designers not only consider How does it work? or How does it look?, they have to confront the challenge that make the design becomes nature. Ecological design is the main concept for all design. Architecture, Urban design, Industry, Fashion, Product, Packageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc, none of them not mention Ecology. Carbon footprint is a tool to measure the impact of the human activities on global warming. Reducing the carbon footprints, can make the earth more long-lasting. Thus, carbon footprint becomes an indication to label the green product. In my group, we chose The Body Shop which is the cosmetic industry as our presentation because they concern the environment and exert to reduce their carbon footprint from the using material, production, packaging, transportation, in store etc. It is valuable to explain the Ecology and design and how they are designed ecologically. The logo of The Body Shop changed litter bit than before. They used a root of the tree and green colour to represent their global business is against climate change and the products are nearly natural. Also, they teamed up with architects, some of them renovate to an ecological sensitive workplace. Consider the sustainable architecture and the quality of the environment, they used renewable energy such as natural light for the day lighting and the wind for the high-quality ventilations. The working condition becomes better because of sustainable design. Moreover, most of their stores refit the LED(light-emitting diode) lighting to improve the energy efficiency and certainly the energy consumption reduced by 70%. It is definitely slow down using in energy and pollution crisis and reduces the carbon footprint. In order to show they are eco-friendly, the walls in the stores were painted in green, brown and white for those are natural colours to represent their values are eco-friendly. For the product of The Body Shop, not only the ingredients, but also the packaging, they always strive to protect the planet and minimize the harm to the environment. Follow the principles of ecological design, the ingredients are grown using time-honoured techniques that means the nutrient in the land can restore naturally after harvest and wont become desertification due to the over-planting. As members of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm oil (RSPO), all of their soaps are produced using palm oil sourced that is successfully audited in line with RSPO regulations. Thinking about the climate characteristics of the bioregional system, it is a positive case that can give us a healthy planet and reduce the deforestation. Many company just made a beautiful package for its product, they only consider how to attract people to buy the goods and they seldom regard the environment. However, The Body Shop advocates for reducing waste on their packaging. Neither the primary packaging nor the secondary packaging, they wont over-package. The design of the bottle is simple, not very colourful, just a transparent bottle contain some texts and simple shape. Although it is simple, it can reduce the storage space so that it can reduce the use of fossil fuels in the transportation. They only use the necessary material for the packaging to reducing the carbon footprint and it is environmentally friendly. The plastic bottles contain the natural ingredients made form PET (polyethylene terephthalate) which is 100% recycled material. Furthermore, they also used to collect the empty bottles for recycling. Especially the Hemp Heroes gift set is presented in a carton made form highly sustainable materials which are bamboo, 100% cruelty-free bristles and recycled aluminum ferrules and printed with non-toxic inks. All of these materials are helping to communicate the planet and make eco-friendly. In the secondary packaging, they have paper bag and organic cotton bag. For the Paper Bag, they replaced all plastic bags with 100% recycled paper and printed by using water-based inks which are not contain harmful solvents. It can reduce the waste and the pollution for the environment. For the cotton bag which made form 100% organically grown cotton, uses a simple font and natural green colour, some of the words are in bold to emphasis a point and it catches your eye immediately. Since the cotton bag is long-lasting, The Body Shop encourages customers to reuse the bag and give them an environmentally beneficial consumer choices form the paper bag. All of it is friendly product, they consider the relationship between production and consumption and assist consumers to greening the society. That is a good behavior for develop our desirable and sustainable environment. There are three main campaigns that The Body Shop emphasize on. Against Animal testing, protect our planet and Human rights. Animal testing is use of animals for the process in scientific experiments, this testing in the cosmetic industry had been used for thousand of years but nowadays. Although the testing is carried out for the improvement of human lives, there are serious issues and ethical issues we need to faces. The Body Shop against animal testing because they believe that animals should not be used for cosmetic testing due to the animal rights. They have never tested their products on animals, in the same way, they also require their suppliers not test the ingredients on animals for cosmetic purposes. Basically, they against animal testing just for one reason, they dont want to be a cruel corporation and dont willing to carry this inhuman practice on the animals. Without the use of animals on the cosmetics, The Body shop won the RSPCA Good Business Award for a second time, f or their commitment to animal welfare. Being a green retailer, they seek for the sustainable environment and prevent the climate change. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle are their policy. By using the renewable resources, sustainable raw ingredients can protecting the rainforests and minimize the impact to the planet. Also, finding some environmentally friendly crops can prevent erosion and improve the condition of the soil. For campaigned against injustices, The Body Shop use Community Trade ingredients in their products that means the trading is fair and the small-scale farmers can earning a fair wage and working in fair conditions. All the mentions are uphold the human rights and regarding child labour, discrimination, employee pay, hours and working conditions. Design is basic to all human activities but due to human Ecology and Social Change, many of us seek environmentally friendly and reducing our carbon footprints. People no longer just consider the products are user-friendly but also eco-friendly. Sustainable, renewable, reducing destructive of the environment..etc, all of them must be considering in the design process for develop our better future. The Body Shop is one of the industry focuses on this conflict and make their products become natural. Reducing the destructive of the environment, The Body Shop believe that beauty is as much about feeling beautiful as it is about looking beautiful.

Essay on The Pardoner of Chaucers Canterbury Tales :: Pardoners Tale

The Canterbury Tales - The Pardoner The Canterbury Tales is a poetic story of a group of people, who were going to pilgrimage. They were going to the tomb of St. Thomas a Bechet in Canterbury, which is about sixty miles from London in England. In that group, there were clergy and laity people. And in the poem Chaucer described all of them so well that we can easily see the picture of how they lived and how they behaved in manners of work and other ways of life. And while he was describing, he also criticized some members of the clergy position, because of their abusing of their position and doing things that they were not supposed to do, or not doing something they were supposed to do in their position. Among those people whom Chaucer criticized very much were the Friar and the Pardoner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval society, where people were very religious, illiterate and superstitious, the Friar was respected as God himself. The Friar’s job in the church was to help people, who committed crime, by giving them a guide to pray for a certain time so that they can receive absolution. But the Friar in the Canterbury Tales was not honest and dedicated in doing his job. He abused his position by taking money from people who came to confess. He told them that they would get absolution if they pay him and thus broke the vow of obedience because it is against the Catholic Church. He broke the vow of chastity by having adulterous relationships with other women. By wearing expensive clothes, spending his time with wealthy people rather than helping beggars or sick lepers, he broke the vow of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Pardoner is a person who says prayer for dead people so that the sins they had committed in life would   be forgiven. The Pardoner of The Canterbury Tales abused his position by selling some papers which he claimed if people bought, their time in purgatory would be shortened after death; he sold them for very high price. He also claimed that he had Virgin Mary’s veil, which would have been 1330 years after Mary died. He also claimed that he had St. Peter’s sail and said the pig bones, he always carried with him, were relics of St. Peter. Chucer also criticized him by implying him as a homosexual by referring him to a gelding or a mare.

Oedipus the King Essay

In the play written by Sophocles â€Å"Oedipus the King,† is depicted as one who is blind to his own ego, pride stubbornness, anger and lack of knowledge. First written in Greek mythology this play is about a King of Thebes whose ego overshadowed his ability to focus on his the necessary things to stabilize his kingdom; his anger and pride eventually led to his down fall. Having solved the riddle of the Sphinx, (an evil creature) King Oedipus was able to succeed as the new king of Thebes and became the new husband of the queen Jocaster, not knowing that she was his biological mother. Oedipus son of king Laius and Queen Jocaster was doomed from birth, fearing that their son Oedipus will take his father’s life Jocaster give him (Oedipus) to a herdsman to be killed, he was then given to another herds man in the fields In a twist of faith who then returned him to Corinth where he was adopted by King Polybus and his wife Queen Merope, who raised him as their own. It would seem the gods will have their fun day with Oedipus. Blinded by ego as a king Oedipus seeks only to please his people, his city and himself. Plagued with sufferings throughout his kingdom in which famines, diseases animals becoming extinct, and the women who were stricken with bareness were becoming a desaster. With no end to their sufferings the people of Thebes turned to the king for guidance and to help appease their discomfort. Obligated to his people, his city, and himself the king in his search for answers, summons Creon his brother in law and uncle to provide him advice from the wise council of the Oracle in Delphi. Creon learns from the oracle that the kingdom was plagued by a series of unfortunate events and revealed it to the King. According to Creon the plague in the land must be driven out by bringing the murderer of the previous king to justice. â€Å"I will tell you, then, what I heard from the God. King Phoebus in plain words commanded us to drive out a pollution from our land, pollution grown ingrained within the land; drive it out, said the God, not cherish it. † (Sophocles 105-110). The plague was as a result of the murder of King Laius (Oedipus’s biological father) whose killer was never found and brought to justice. Oedipus felt it was his duty to find the killer and have justice served. Not satisfied with the answers he had gotten from Creon, Oedipus sent out for Tiresias a prophet. â€Å"Tiresias you are well versed in everything, things teachable and things not to be spoken, things of Heaven and Earth – creeping things. You have no eyes but in your mind you know with what plaque our city is afflicted. †(Sophocles 315-320). Again Oedipus’s ego drives him to pursue answers to which the end result will only destroy himself; the gods must be laughing now. Oedipus points out the fact that Tiresias is blind, but he fails to see that he himself is blind to the events taking place within his kingdom. Oedipus acknowledges that although Tiresias is physically blind he has discerning capabilities that allow him to see what others cannot, moreover he knows of the plaque in the city. It is Oedipus’s pride that compels him to seek the truth in order to bring freedom to the people of Thebes in hope of gaining more power from them. As Tiresias became hesitant and refuses to speak what he knows Oedipus became angry. There is no fairer duty than helping those in distress. † (C & B 301-302). Oedipus made this remark because he wants to be the savior of the city, the man who will bring it out of distress and misery. He sees Tiresias as hard headed individual and a man with no feelings; making reference to his eyes being cold (C & B lines 307-308). Oedipus continues to accuse Tiresias of his faults, finally! Tiresias decides to speak the truth behind Oedipus’s own blindness to which he is blind and thus cannot see the nature of his own wrong doings (C & B Lines 324). Tiresias revealed that Oedipus himself was the pollutant of the land because he (Oedipus) is the murderer of King Laius. It would seem the gods got their wishes in spite of Oedipus unknowingly killed his biological father. Oedipus stated,† it has but not for you; it has no strength for you, because you are blind in mind and ears as well as in your eyes. †(Sophocles 400-410). Oedipus refuses to believe Tiresias words and continues to provoke him, exclaiming: â€Å"your life is one long night so that you cannot hurt me or any other who sees light,† (Sophocles 410-420) although it is he Oedipus who cannot see the light. The irony here is supported by the metaphor of knowledge as vision. Tiresias though being sightless discerns the truth through wisdom, while Oedipus is essentially in a sense, blinded by his anger and cannot see the truth. Oedipus secret of killing his father is no longer remaining unknown for the Shepard, and Tiresias know of Oedipus hidden past. Blinded by lack of knowledge towards his past he accused his brother in law Creon of treason and plot to destroy he (Oedipus) an argument between Oedipus and Creon lures Jocasta towards Oedipus in which she tries to calm him down. Jocasta goes on to say that the oracle cannot be trusted. Throughout the story of her former husband death, she mentioned he died on the three way crossroads just before Oedipus arrive to Thebes. After Jocasta has mentioned how Laius died, Oedipus realized that he may be the one who murdered Laius (his father). Hoping that he is not identified as Laius’s murder, Oedipus sends for the shepherd that survives the attack. As he Oedipus finds out the truth about himself, his past, his biological father and mother his physical and spiritual eyes became opened. In his conviction as well as guilt he then blinded himself, the irony here, is just when he saw the light, he took his own sight, â€Å"what use are my eyes if I cannot see? † Oedipus was blind towards the past, not knowing his real parents, the present, putting pride ego and anger before rationalization, and the future, physically taking his own sight away by blinding himself. The play begins with the praise and love for a king, Oedipus is praised at the beginning of the play and is looked up to by the people, Tereisais refuses to speak the truth and Oedipus refuses to see the truth. Finally Oedipus went from being a blind man with seeing eyes to a man with sight, but his real eyes destroyed. This hero fell because his pride and ego made him blind to the truth that was right before his eyes. The gods got what they desired did they desire more?

The Dangers of Religious Freedom essays

The Dangers of Religious Freedom essays In her novel, Domestic Manners of the Americans, Fanny Trollope makes a bold statement on the affairs of the new found country and its inhabitants. Of particular distaste to the author was the spectacle of evangelical religious practices. She made much, throughout her writing, over the role that the various religions played in the lives of the citizens and the fact that the division of the churches was a real problem in America. The consuming role that religion and church played in the lives of the women also concerned and intrigued Trollope. Likewise, the English womans view of the popular evangelical camp meetings and the activities there were highly critical. She viewed this toxic environment in the light of her stolid English back ground and was convinced that it would be the undoing of the young nation and its citizens. Trollope makes no secret of the fact that she believes that the lack of a single national religion in America was at the root of a very real problem. With so many different religious groups being allowed to practice, there could be no common government of the church that would insure that the leaders would be knowledgeable and learned men. ...this does not prevent my seeing that the object of all religious observance is better obtained when the government of the church is confided to the wisdom and experience of the most venerated among the people, than when it is placed in the hands of every tinker and tailor who chooses to claim a share in it. (85) She goes on to state that it also seems problematic that, since there are no set provisions for the clergy, the services are confined to those who can pay them. (85) Fanny, in her travels through America, finds that in smaller cities and towns, the job of marrying, christening and burying are carried out by the common folk. In these places, she fears, the American citizens I was much struck wi...

Free Essays on Teenage Alcoholism

Teenage Alcoholism Are today’s teenagers drinking more than their parents did 20 or 30 years ago? Are there reasons for drinking any different? Is teenage drinking, a problem that has suddenly spiralled out of control? Teenage alcoholism is a significant problem in contemporary culture that concerns me. For this reason, I am going to discuss some of the leading questions that were questioned commonly among New Zealanders. What are the effects of alcohol in the body? What are the causes of teenage alcoholism? What are the problems of teenage alcoholism in New Zealand? What are the possible preventive measures and treatments for alcoholics? There is a tendency in New Zealand to discuss the bad effects of alcohol use, largely in terms of its health hazards. Mitchel R. Hayley, author of the book "Teen Alcoholism", suggests that alcoholism is a chronic usually progressive disease that includes both a psychological and a physical addiction to alcohol. Alcohol is a mood- altering substance; when we drink it enters our brain and affects the chemicals there, and this changes the way we feel and the way we respond on the amount that we drink, and the state of mind we are in. Alcohol is also an intoxicating substance; this means that if we drink to excess it becomes toxic or poisonous to us. Gradually with more alcohol, our brain activity becomes more depressed and our lead of consciousness is reduced. Consequences of alcohol addiction can cause damage to every organ system of a patient’s life. It will cause liver disease (Cirrhosis), pancreatic disease, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal problems, neurological diso rders and reproductive system disorders. (Source: â€Å"Teen Alcoholism†) These are clearly depicted in the figure below. Teenagers pass through a time of turbulence. Intense pressures to perform and succeed are felt by many youths, according to the book "Alcoh... Free Essays on Teenage Alcoholism Free Essays on Teenage Alcoholism Teenage Alcoholism Are today’s teenagers drinking more than their parents did 20 or 30 years ago? Are there reasons for drinking any different? Is teenage drinking, a problem that has suddenly spiralled out of control? Teenage alcoholism is a significant problem in contemporary culture that concerns me. For this reason, I am going to discuss some of the leading questions that were questioned commonly among New Zealanders. What are the effects of alcohol in the body? What are the causes of teenage alcoholism? What are the problems of teenage alcoholism in New Zealand? What are the possible preventive measures and treatments for alcoholics? There is a tendency in New Zealand to discuss the bad effects of alcohol use, largely in terms of its health hazards. Mitchel R. Hayley, author of the book "Teen Alcoholism", suggests that alcoholism is a chronic usually progressive disease that includes both a psychological and a physical addiction to alcohol. Alcohol is a mood- altering substance; when we drink it enters our brain and affects the chemicals there, and this changes the way we feel and the way we respond on the amount that we drink, and the state of mind we are in. Alcohol is also an intoxicating substance; this means that if we drink to excess it becomes toxic or poisonous to us. Gradually with more alcohol, our brain activity becomes more depressed and our lead of consciousness is reduced. Consequences of alcohol addiction can cause damage to every organ system of a patient’s life. It will cause liver disease (Cirrhosis), pancreatic disease, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal problems, neurological diso rders and reproductive system disorders. (Source: â€Å"Teen Alcoholism†) These are clearly depicted in the figure below. Teenagers pass through a time of turbulence. Intense pressures to perform and succeed are felt by many youths, according to the book "Alcoh...

Negative in foreigners worker in the uae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Negative in foreigners worker in the uae - Essay Example United Arab Emirates is geographically located along the desert and mountains in the east. The system of the governance in the United Arab Emirates is federal type of government; this means that the government is composed of legislative, executive and the judicial. The powers are delegated to the United Arab Emirates federal government and the rest of powers are reserved for its members. The president in the United Arab Emirates is the head of the state and the prime minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of the government. United Arab Emirates is known for stable economic growth, this is due to open market economy in which the prices of commodities (goods and services) are always determined in free price systems and this makes United Arab Emirates to stabilize its economy. Like other states world wide where they have to associate themselves with trade organization, United Arab Emirates is a member of council of Arab economic unity (CAEU). United Arab emirate (UAE) is known for high and rising oil prices and good economic growth in the market. The economy of United Arab Emirates from 1999 to 2008 has been growing at a rate of 10%. This gives other states challenges since with a growth of 10%; it indicates UAE is going to offer stiff competition in the international market. Today, the United Arab Emirates is not only relying on the rich oil fields but the country invests in private sectors and infrastructure system so that it can support other programs for example education and health issues. However, even though their economic growth of United Arab Emirates is seen to be stable, the emirates still experience challenges in social, economic, and even environmental areas. This paper discusses how United Arab Emirates have experienced challenges from the foreign workers who reside in the region. How foreign workers are changing the United Arab Emirates culture Due to the high number of foreigners in United Arab Emirates, their culture is being changed and this is posing a great danger to their generation. Again the use of modern technology is still a challenge to them since technology is changing the old norms to digital era. The United Arab Emirates considers its traditions no matter whether the foreigners will change it or the technology. United Arab Emirates is built on generation of Islamic traditions which is passed from generation to generation, Islamic culture is firmly rooted in United Arab Emirates and tribal heritage is considered by the civilians. Today the foreigners who come from many part of countries are changing the traditions and demographics of emirates. For example, the number of foreigners who resided in United Arab Emirates in the year 2005 to date has continued to increase. Foreign workers by nationality and their population nationality Number of foreigners India 1 million Pakistan 650, 000 Philippines 250, 000 Sri lanka 150, 000 Source-(UAE National Bureau of Statistics) United Arab Emirates is considered as t he most state preferred by foreigners who come to invest or who come to seek employment. Those who normally come to invest are professional migrants. The government of United Arab Emirates is trying to come up with a knowledge based economy (Park et al 2006). This means that the demand for foreigners who are more skilled and those foreigners who are professionally educated will double the number of foreigners in United Arab Emirates. (Maurice 17). Islamic religion is not considered much by the foreigners and United Arab Emira

Heroin addiction Vs cancer support groups Term Paper

Heroin addiction Vs cancer support groups - Term Paper Example Their curiosity has given rise to a culture where people strive to help one another in any way they can. Social dealing and networking is one of the most fundamental ways in which people gain knowledge and awareness about common issues and learn how to deal with them. One such form of social networking is a support group. Support groups are such organizations or agencies that help people suffering from a common condition (usually disease) deal with their condition (Hunter, 2011). Support groups offer help to the needy both personally through appointments, and generally on-line. Preference of forum: There is considerable difference between the preference of forum for the support group between the Cancer patients and the Heroin addicts. Cancer is a disease that may be acquired because of any reason without the personal involvement or fault of the patient in his/her condition. There is generally, a lot of respect for Cancer patients in the society and they are looked at with sympathy an d affection. The case is not alike for Heroin addicts. Heroin addicts are visualized as useless members of society and are looked at with hatred. They are known as the cause of frustration and various social upsets in the society. People tend to keep their children away from the company of Heroine addicts. Many Heroin addicts are socially excluded. The society does not accept them.

The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde - Essay Example He reveals the hypocrisy of the member of his society through the contradicting actions of the same person. Without law there is no crime. Law is about norms and the societal standards of what is considered good or bad in a particular community. This is a society in which the doctor was highly regarded. He was respected by all and this can be verified by the attitude of Utterson who is even concerned by what the doctor had written in his will. It is common knowledge that for every right and privilege that one enjoys there is attached responsibility. The doctor was overwhelmed by the responsibility attached to his title. He was supposed to be gentle, genuine, intellectual and a gentleman as such. Deep inside, he wanted to engage in activities that can be considered wild and may not well have been compatible to his title and status in the society. He is unable to engage in these wild dreams because of his conscious which dictates his action according to the expectations of the society of his status. As a result, he is unable to engage due to guilt. To be able to satisfy his fantancy and at the same save face for his original personality, he sets up a concoction that changes his personality at will and engages in his dreams. In His induced personality, Edward Hyde is reckless and is not as caring as is expected of a physician. In this state, he tramples upon a little girl and the scene is witnessed by Enfield. This indicates his hypocrisy in his original personality. As a physician, he would not have been expected to undertake such an act. Hyde is a major suspect. Through all the acts that Hyde is able to accomplish without the suspicion leading to the â€Å"Good Doctor† we are able to see that as much as the doctor enjoyed evil deeds likewise he enjoyed the prestige associated with the personality that ironically he felt bound to. In anonymity of the strange personality and secrecy of not being known as the culprit the doctor’s

Letter to Movie Director Essay Example for Free

Letter to Movie Director Essay I liked it how you connected medieval time with also the modern times. How you used medieval Crops, Setting, Characters and the modern music, clothes, language and make-up. How all the elements symbiotically connect it altogether that made our emotions and mind get lost in the imaginary world. As I teenager myself I find that most teenagers like comedy,romance,action and thriller in the usual movie s. You started off your movie with a popular song called We Will Rock You, it gave the movie a extra dimension to it. The setting was set back in the Middle Ages that made is realistic but had a modern music twist to it. It intrigued us to watch more with the excitement of the crowd in the jousting stadium clapping and singing with the music. It was nicely set out with the Wealthy people high in the stands with chairs and the poor people standing up below. The costumes were very real as well with the wealthy wearing colourful clean clothes and the peasant with dirty plain clothes. At the very beginning there is humour display when Wat bites William and says now you see how bloody hungry I am. It set the spark off. We mainly focused on the last final jousting event which was the highlight of the whole story. Sir William Thatcher fighting for his love and to change his stars against Count Ademar the bad knight trying to get the same girl as Sir William Thatcher. At the point there was different camera technique used. Extreme close-up zooming into the horses eyes with the background noise of the horse to built up more tension because you dont no whats happening but you just hear the horses getting louder and louder. t draws you in, to make you get hyped up and try and figure out what happening. Also The had a extreme close up on Sir Williams face to his eyes so you could see what his reaction was. You could tell he was thinking and planning out things while on the other hand you see Count Ademar and he seems lie his skimming. we read all this off just by looking at there faces. Wide angle was used to see them both, so that we could see there emotion. Extreme close -up was us ed just before there were going to joust. They used the extreme close-up so you could see the tension in each others eyes. There was low dramatic music and a close up angle on the second times they jousted again so show how much they want it and how much they hate each other. They both still lost so in the final round they used the zooming camera technique. It zooms as a wide shot all the way to extreme shot so you can try and see what they are thinking and feeling. The camera technique was really good and it made it seem like you were looking through the same eyes as Count Ademar , then you just here the sound of Sir Williams approaching you and his voice saying William. This fragment of the scene was a very powerful suspenseful scene. We as the audience thought that Sir William wouldnt win after Count Ademar hit him with the lance really hurt and the end stabbed into William. It caused us to want to watch more and more and see what happens. all of us sitting in our seats hoping Sir William wins but doubting that he will. At the last second Sir William goes for the final and at-last joust with Count Ademar for the tournament his blind dad and the women of his dreams Lady Joselyn his hopes rise up . He thought of when he told his dad that he would change his stars one day. The very little strength he had left in him and gave it to Count Ademar. Through all the pain he went through he finally won all 4 his Lady Joselyn, his dad,his stars and the tournament. Then it finishes with him and his lady kissing. And they lived happily ever after, the perfect ending to a story. But I do have so say I think with Lady Joselyn with some of her outfits and make-up and hairstyles were unrealistic for the middle ages. Bright coloured make-up and wavy,straight,colour hair would have not occurred back then. Apart from the I think that all the other characters dressed appropriately for the movie. I feel like this movie would entertain a teenager of the medieval period, even though its not the most accurate information it shows clearly who were the peasant and noble people and there role and real places in the world. IT showed great humour and romance and action in this movie and I believe teenagers would definitely want to watch this movie again. Thank-you for giving up your time to read this letter I hope to see an other great movie from you in the futureYours sincerely,

Women in Post-Revolutionary Russia: The Opportunities and Obstacles :: Russian Russia History

Women in Post-Revolutionary Russia: The Opportunities and Obstacles The last Tsar of Russia abdicated the throne in February of 1917. With the fall of the old regime, many old gender barriers fell, as well. The period after the Bolsheviks rose to power was a time of many changes for all Russians, but none were more affected than the women of the time. Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik party (later called the Communists) was greatly disturbed by the domestic enslavement of Soviet women, and almost immediately granted political equality for females throughout the nation. With this newfound freedom, women were presented with many new opportunities in all aspects of life, and many challenges, as well. Lenin reformed many civil and penal codes to the advantage of women. Almost overnight all learning institutions opened their doors to both sexes, which suddenly gave women the opportunity to strive for professional careers and higher paying jobs. Women were given equal standing in marriage, and it became possible for them to get divorced, to have abortions , and to sue for child support. Women could own property. Within the Communist party, women rose to leadership positions. In theory, there was complete equality between the sexes. However, even with the advantages of the Communist leadership, there were some pitfalls, as well. While the increased leniency of divorce laws was obviously an advantage to many unhappy wives, some men made use of the new freedom also. Some women were left to raise their children alone, and without the salary of their husbands, found it almost impossible. Although these women now had complete economic independence under the laws of Lenin, in practice all was not as simple. With several young children to watch over during the day, it was difficult for any mother to be able to engage in any work outside of family life. The realities of these women were shown clearly in Alexandra Kollontai's novel Love of Worker Bees. based on life in post-revolutionary Russia. When Mr. Feodoseev abandons his wife for another woman, she is horrified at the thought of trying to get a job while raising three school-aged children. However, in Kollontai's novel, she is seen as petty and jealous by certain m embers of the party, instead of a woman with great financial difficulties. Perhaps this shows a certain blindness that many communist leaders had to the realities of women's everyday lives and circumstances.

Experiences in the Writing Center Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Experiences in the Writing Center When I started to work at the Writing Center, I had about eleven years of experience in tutoring English as a foreign language to non-native English speakers in Germany. The experience I had gained from that proved to be very helpful. Before you can address the problems in writing, like any other problem, it is very important to get to know the writer. If you can build a bridge between the two individuals, who should work together in a tutoring session, it is a lot easier to discuss problems and find solutions. As some of the problems might have personal reasons or it might be difficult for the writer to discuss the reason for some obstacles in writing well, a more personal basis supports any work in that way. Looking back at the sessions I tutored in this quarter, I would like to focus on the problems of one student. The student brought three papers to the center, and his papers showed problems in constructing complete and correct sentences, as well as defining paragraphs, and some of his sentences sounded awkward. These problems occurred in all his papers. After a brief introduction and some questioning about the content of each paper, it became obvious that the writer was able to tell me exactly what he wanted to talk about and in what order paper should appear. Yet, he had the problem of bringing his thoughts onto his paper. We started to discuss some sentences of his first paragraph, where he concentrated almost only on the content of what he wanted to say, but never on the way HOW he could express his thoughts clearly to a reader. To him the fragmented sentences, put together piece after piece, containing a lot of information, made completely sense, because he KNEW what he w... ...hod to make writers aware, that an essential part of their sentence is missing, is to use symbols that refer to the parts of the sentence. So far, I have had quite some good results in explaining it that way: The writer has to pay attention! The sentence ends with an exclamation mark -- put together with the symbols square, upward triangle, and ellipse (). The three symbols put together on top of each other resemble an exclamation mark (). If these three parts are separated again, they have the following meaning: = square = 's' like in SUBJECT = "V" with top = 'v' like in VERB = "O" = 'o' like in OBJECT. If the writer draws these symbols around the corresponding parts in the sentences, then it becomes visually clear which part is missing. A lot of people learn easier this way and find a way to memorize the essential parts of any sentence easier.